Basic Biomed-Engineer Notes 1

1- Electronic Circut 

2- Resistance Network

Parallel connection Parallel resistor networks can be interchanged within the same combination without changing the total resistance or total circuit current. Resistors connected together in a parallel circuit will continue to operate even though one resistor may be open-circuited

Series Connection The equivalent resistance of a set of resistors in a series connection is equal to the algebraic sum of the individual resistances

3- Constant and symbole

Copper Wire

Audio frequency spectrum The audio spectrum is the audible frequency range at which humans can hear and spans from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. The audio spectrum range spans from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz and can be effectively broken down into seven different frequency bands, with each band having a different impact on the total sound.

Electromagnetic spectrum s the range of frequencies (the spectrum) of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies.The electromagnetic spectrum covers electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from below one hertz to above 1025 hertz, corresponding to wavelengths from thousands of kilometers down to a fraction of the size of an atomic nucleus. This frequency range is divided into separate bands, and the electromagnetic waves within each frequency band are called by different names; beginning at the low frequency (long wavelength) end of the spectrum these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet,X-rays, and gamma rays at the high-frequency (short wavelength) end. The electromagnetic waves in each of these bands have different characteristics, such as how they are produced, how they interact with matter, and their practical applications. The limit for long wavelengths is the size of the universe itself, while it is thought that the short wavelength limit is in the vicinity of the Planck length.Gamma rays, X-rays, and high ultraviolet are classified as ionizing radiation as their photons have enough energy to ionize atoms, causing chemical reactions.

Sound intensity level also known as acoustic intensity, is defined as the power carried by sound waves per unit area in a direction perpendicular to that area. The SI unit of intensity, which includes sound intensity, is the watt per square meter (W/m2). One application is the noise measurement of sound intensity in the air at a listener's location as a sound energy quantity.Sound intensity is not the same physical quantity as sound pressure. Human hearing is sensitive to sound pressure which is related to sound intensity. In consumer audio electronics, the level differences are called "intensity" differences, but sound intensity is a specifically defined quantity and cannot be sensed by a simple microphone.

4- The numbering system and equivalent

5- Electronics abbreviation

6-Basic Electronics Circuits

Half Wave Rectifier

Full Wave Rectifier

Double voltage

Inverting and Non-Inverting amplifier

Floating load V to I converters: are used as low voltage ac and dc voltmeters, diode,LED and zener diode testers.

Current to voltage converter

7- Logic Gates

JK Flip Flop

8- Battery Precautions

• Don't charge Primary Cell
• Never Short Primary A Battery terminal
• Always handle batteries with care.
• Always store upright.
• Never allow children access to a battery.
• Always charge in a well-ventilated area.
• Never allow battery vents to become blocked.
• Always wear eye protection.

9- Resistor color code