Artificial Intelligence Explained!

Humans, from the time it took its first primitive steps towards civilization, have relied on tools – to survive, evolve, and make sense of the world around them and to shape that world to their needs. From the first rock hurled at a wild animal in self-defense, to the farmer's sickle, to the hundreds of thousands of lines of code dictating logic inside a robot, humans have used tools to overcome almost all of their shortcomings. Humankind has given itself the scientific name homo sapiens-man the wise-because our mental capacities are so important to our everyday lives and our sense of self. The field of Artificial Intelligence or AI attempts to understand intelligent entities.

Artificial Intelligence is a way of making a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or a software thinks intelligently, in the similar manner the intelligent humans think.

AI is one of the newest disciplines. It was formally initiated in 1956 when the name was coined, although at that point work had been under way for about five years. Along with modern genetics, the study of intelligence is also one of the oldest disciplines. The advent of usable computers in the early 1950s turned the learned but armchair speculation concerning these mental faculties into a real experimental and theoretical discipline. But as well as providing a vehicle for creating artificially intelligent entities AI has turned out to be more difficult than many at first imagined, and modem ideas are much richer and more interesting.

The goals of Artificial Intelligence are to create expert systems and Implement human intelligence in machines. Which means that the systems which exhibit intelligent behavior, learn, demonstrate, advise its users, understand, think and behave like humans.

There is no single way in which Artificial Intelligence works. One definition of AI is when a computer can solve a problem that normally requires a level of intelligence. Over the past 60 or so years, many different approaches to solving a wide variety of problems have been discovered by AI researchers. For example, chess can now be played by computers such as Deep Blue at a Grand Master level. It works by examining many thousands of chess board configurations, to see the future result of making particular moves. Another example is expert systems, which solve problems in areas such as medicine and engineering by duplicating the problem solving performed by real human experts.

There are lots of the applications of Artificial Intelligence in real life. In the gaming world, AI plays a crucial role in strategic games like chess, poker, tic-tac-toe etc.

In the Vision systems, it understands, interprets and comprehends visual input on the computer. For example, a spying aero plane takes photographs, which are used to figure out spatial information or map of the areas. Doctors use the clinical expert system to diagnose the patient. Police use computer software that can recognize the face of criminal with the stored portrait made by the forensic artist.

Some intelligent systems are capable of hearing and comprehending the language in terms of sentences and their meaning while human talks to it.It can handle different accents, slang words, noise in the background, change in human’s noise due to cold, etc.

The handwriting recognition software reads the text written on paper by a pen or on screen by a pen or by a stylus.It can recognize the shapes of the letter and convert it into editable text.

Finally, the intelligent robots are able to perform the tasks given by a human.They have sensors to detect physical data from the world such as light, heat, temperature.movement,sound,bump,and pressure. They have efficient processors, multiple sensors and huge memory to exhibit intelligence. In addition, they are capable of learning from their mistakes and they can adapt to the new environment.There are some Industrial robots for moving, spraying, painting, drilling, cleaning, coating etc.

In the twenty-first century, AI techniques have become an essential part of the technology industry, helping to solve many challenging problems in computer science. Recent advancements in AI, and specifically in machine learning, have contributed to the growth of Autonomous Things such as drones and self-driving cars, becoming the main driver of innovation in the automotive industry.

So last of all, according to the father of Artificial Intelligence, John McCarthy, “Artificial Intelligence is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs.”

References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence