Which Web3 programming language should I learn for 2023-24

Web3 programming Languages in 2023-24

Solidity

Solidity is an object-oriented, high-level language for implementing smart contracts. Smart contracts are programs which govern the behaviour of accounts within the Ethereum state.

Solidity is a curly-bracket language designed to target the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). It is influenced by C++, Python and JavaScript. You can find more details about which languages Solidity has been inspired by in the language influences section.

Cadence

The Cadence Programming Language is a new high-level programming language intended for smart contract development. Much of the language's syntax is inspired by Swift, Kotlin, and TypeScript.

Snarky

Snarky is an OCaml front-end for writing R1CS SNARKs. It is modular over the backend SNARK library, and comes with backends from libsnark.

Huff

Huff is an Ethereum smart contract programming ‘language’ that was developed while writing weierstrudel, an elliptic curve arithmetic library for validating zero-knowledge proofs.

Elliptic curve arithmetic is computationally expensive, so developing an efficient implementation was paramount, and not something that could be done in native Solidity.

Move

Move is a programming language for writing safe smart contracts originally developed at Facebook to power the Diem blockchain.

Kotlin

Kotlin is a full-fledged modern smart contract programming language that was developed by JetBrains, the developers behind the IDE IntelliJ. Kotlin allows you to compile down to different target environments like the JVM or JavaScript and more

Haskell

Leading the industry in functional programming, Haskell is a programming language used by Cardano’s Plutus for dApp development.

Functional programming languages like Haskell differ from other imperative languages (such as C, JavaScript, Rust, and Solidity).

Cairo

Cairo is a language developed by StarkWare, a layer 2 scaling solution for Ethereum that uses zero-knowledge rollups. StarkWare uses Cairo to power StarkEx, the toolbox of scalability solutions powering Ethereum dApps including, dYdX, Sorare, and Immutable.

Rust

Rust is the preferred programming language for writing smart contracts on NEAR. Rust offers many features like memory safety, small runtime, etc. This allows us to write a smart contract that doesn't have memory bugs and consumes less storage on the blockchain.

Go

Golang (Go) is a programming language designed by Google, and it is known for its built-in concurrency features. In the blockchain industry, Golang is used in the Geth node client, one of the original Ethereum node client implementations alongside C++ and Python. Use Ethereum to create decentralized applications (or "dapps"). These dapps can be trustworthy, meaning that once they are deployed to Ethereum, they will always run as programmed. They are decentralized, meaning that they run on a peer-to-peer network and there is no single point of failure. No single entity or person controls them and they are nearly impossible to censor. They can control digital assets in order to create new kinds of applications.

Vyper

Vyper is a contract-oriented, pythonic programming language that targets the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).

source : https://sites.google.com/site/blockchaintutorial/web3-programming-languages-in-2023-24