What happens when you type URL (https://www.google.com) in the browser any press enter

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Have you ever wondered what happens when you type URL like https://www.google.com in your browser and type enter?

It may seem like a simple action, but beneath the surface, a complex series of steps unfold to bring you the webpage you requested.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a unique identifier used to locate a resource on the Internet or web address that directs a browser to a website.

lets break down the URL components for "https://www.google.com

1. Protocol: The prefix "https://" denotes the protocol (HTTPS, or Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) that is being utilized in this instance. It means that encrypted and secure communication is taking place between your browser and the server.

2. Subdomain: The prefix "www." is frequently used as a subdomain to indicate the World Wide Web or a domain's web server.

3. Domain Name: The domain name itself is "google.com." The popular search engine and technology business "google.com" is misspelled in this instance as "google.com."        

DNS Request

The Domain Name System (DNS) is where the trip starts. Your computer must first convert a URL, such as https://www.google.com, that you type into your browser into an IP address that identifies the server that is hosting the website. It accomplishes this by submitting a DNS request to a DNS server, which provides the domain name's matching IP address in response.

TCP/IP

Your browser establishes a connection using the Internet Protocol (IP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) after obtaining the IP address. Data is divided into packets by TCP, which makes sure they get to their destination in the right order and guarantees dependable communication. These packets are sent over the Internet by IP to the server linked to the requested IP address.

FIREWALL

As the packets travel across the Internet, they may encounter firewalls—a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. Firewalls aid in defending against potentially harmful activity and unauthorized access.

HTTPS/SSL

When a user navigates to a secure website (designated by "https" in the URL), an extra security measure is activated by prevent data from being intercepted and altered, the Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) encrypts it as it travels between your browser and the web server. Transport Layer Security (TLS) or Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocols enable this encryption.

LOAD-BALACER

Incoming requests for well-known websites like Google are frequently split among several servers in order to balance the load and guarantee peak performance. By spreading incoming requests according to different algorithms, including round-robin or least connections, a load balancer acts as a mediator between the client and the server pool, ensuring equitable resource use and preventing any one server from becoming overloaded.

WEB SERVER

A web server program, such Nginx or Apache HTTP Server, receives the request after it reaches the correct server. After processing the request, the web server obtains the desired webpage or resources and gets them ready to be sent back to the client.

APPLICATION SERVER

In certain instances, particularly with dynamic websites or web apps, the web server might have to interact with an application server in order to process the request. Before transferring dynamic material back to the web server for client delivery, the application server runs code, communicates with databases, and carries out other necessary operations.

DATABASE

The application server retrieves the necessary data from the relevant database server if the requested webpage depends on information kept in a database. Structured data is stored and managed using databases like MySQL, PostgreSQL, or MongoDB, which offer web applications effective means of storing and retrieving information.

When a website loads, a complicated network of systems and technologies must be navigated from the first DNS request to the last delivery of the webpage content. Every element is essential to provide consumers worldwide with a seamless and safe browsing experience. 

The next time you type a URL into your browser, pause to recognize the complex dance of technology that is taking place in the background to provide the content you are looking for.