WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU TYPE https://www.google.com IN YOUR BROWSER AND PRESS ENTER.

When the google.com is casually entered into a web browser like millions of people do every second of every day. A complex and yet simple series of reactions is triggered starting from your web browser and ending in the display of requested resource.

Kick-starting the process, your browser send a request to the Domain name sever(DNS) which is a server that essentially serves as a databases of known Internet Protocol addresses(IP) and their corresponding human readable address, this server(DNS) receives the request from your browser and returns the IP address corresponding to google.com and successfully establishing a connection between our local machine and google servers.

At this point data packets are sent between your local pc and google server we're connected to along the TCP/IP protocol established by the first step.

Before these data packets are sent, it is processed through Firewalls. Firewalls are best viewed by beginners as security checkpoints, blocking blocking or allowing certain traffic based on predefined rules and serving to filter out potentially harmful data packets based on said rules.

Your browser and Google's server are connected and communicate using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) protocol, which utilizes Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) encryption. This encryption ensures that the data exchanged between your browser and Google's servers remains confidential and secure from eavesdroppers.

To prevent crashes and to properly provide servers to its millions of customers google employs multiple servers and uses load balancers to distribute traffic across its multiple servers. Load balancers act as traffic cops, distributing incoming requests across a group of servers based on various algorithms. These algorithms can include round-robin, least connections, or weighted round-robin, among others. By evenly spreading the load, load balancers prevent any single server from becoming overwhelmed, thus ensuring smooth and efficient operation.

After going through the load balancer, your request has now reached a working, available web server which processes it and then gets ready to serve content directly if it’s static, like a specific HTML page, or an image for example. However, in our case, it will redirect the traffic to the Application server for further processing.

Application servers handle these dynamic requests, executing scripts and database queries to generate customized responses.

Behind the scenes, Google relies on sophisticated databases to store and retrieve vast amounts of information, including indexed web pages, user preferences, and search histories. These databases power the search engine's functionality, enabling lightning-fast retrieval of relevant information.

In conclusion typing "https://www.google.com" in your browser triggers a complex chain of events involving DNS resolution, TCP/IP communication, firewall security, HTTPS encryption, load balancing, web servers, application servers, and databases. Each component plays a crucial role in ensuring a seamless and secure browsing experience, highlighting the intricate infrastructure underpinning the modern web.

Below is a basic schematic showing this process