McKinsey Forward Reflections: Problem Solving - (Define the Problem)

Problem solving is a crucial skill that is necessary for success in both personal and professional settings. It involves the ability to identify a problem, analyze the available information, and come up with a solution that effectively addresses the problem. One of the key steps in problem solving is to clearly define the problem. This may seem obvious, but it is important to make sure that everyone involved in the problem-solving process has a clear understanding of what the problem is and what needs to be done.

Problem statements help us ensure that we clearly define – in a concise and comprehensive way - the problem that needs to be addressed. A problem statement typically includes information about the current situation, the desired outcome, and the gap between the two. It is often used to identify the root cause of a problem and to develop a plan for addressing it. If a team and a client are not aligned on the key problem that needs to be solved, chances are that there will be a lot of wasted time, effort and resources. A well-written problem statement should be clear, concise, and focused, and it should provide enough information to enable others to understand the problem and to work towards a solution.

The SMART Problem-Solving Approach is a method used to systematically and effectively address and resolve issues. The acronym stands for Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-bound.

• Specific: Clearly define the problem and its boundaries.

Your problem question needs to be detailed enough so that those who are closest to the problem can understand the exact problem that needs to be solve. For example:  Increase sales of our premium product line by 10% within the next quarter.

• Measurable: Identify and establish quantifiable criteria to assess the success of the solution.

A measurable result will be instrumental in helping you determine when the problem will be considered solved. For example: Track sales of our premium product line on a weekly basis and compare to the same period last year.

• Actionable (Attainable): Ensure that the solution is realistic and within the scope of the problem and should point to the action that needs to be done to solve the problem.

Usually, you will need to use the language "How?" or "What actions need to be taken?" in your problem question. For example: Leverage our existing customer base by offering special discounts and promotions, and expand our reach through targeted marketing campaigns.

• Relevant: Ensure that the solution aligns with the goals and objectives of the organization or situation.

For example: Our premium product line is a key driver of revenue and profit for our company, and increasing sales in this area will support our overall growth strategy.

• Time-bound: Set a timeline for implementing and evaluating the solution.

For example: Complete the actions outlined above within the next three months.

By using this approach, individuals and teams can develop clear plans for achieving their goals and can track their progress towards achieving them. It is important to remember that defining a problem correctly is not always straightforward, and may require careful observation, analysis, and thought. However, with persistence and a systematic approach, you can successfully define any problem and begin the process of finding a solution.