Implicate Order :- Holographic Mind for Deep Learning (Non - Cartesian Learning)

"ingine is mind endowment"

Developing Cognitive Abilities from dealing with the Knowns - Descriptive Statistics to dealing with Uncertainty - Inferential Statistics

Implicate Order

Implicate Order is a concept evolved by David Bohm, to explain the pluralistic behavior of the cosmic nature that exists both as probabilistic determinism at macrocosm order and as in-deterministic at the microcosm order. Until the time of Newton , the science of Physics considered the nature of cosmic order to be mechanistic, and within this notion, everything was considered to be a result of causality. Furthermore, causality meant determinism, where all the behavior in the nature could be explained deterministically and hence could be predicted with utmost accuracy. 

Later-on, the concept of 'Relativity' was proposed by Einstein, to include the space-time curve. The notion of determinism that was widely appreciated within the physics community still remained the basis. In a way Einstein’s work was an expansion of the deterministic view within the classical Newtonian physics. 

All these changed when Quantum Physics was proposed, which shattered the particle notion of the elements in nature and the determinism associated with it. Rather, it proposed a quantum nature, a notion that suggested that elements exist both as a particle and as wave. This notion of duality also suggested that at an aggregated level - probabilistic determinism could be observed, although the individual behavior of the element could not be predicted. This meant the macrocosm and microcosm behaviors followed different order, while the macrocosm’s behavior could be probabilistically determined; the microcosm behavior remained in-deterministic. Quantum Theory emerged as a result of the work by Wolfgang Pauli, Werner Heisenberg and Neils Bohrs, who were its early proponents. 

Albert Einstein although appreciated the concept, he could not come into terms with the 'in-determinism' proposed within the quantum theory and so were his famous comments ‘Does God Play Dice’ and ‘Spooky Action in the Distance’.

Active Information

Newtonian Era - To sum up, Newton ’s theory suggested, that when the objects are separated from one another in space, their behavior can be determined as a consequence of causality from the knowledge of the forces acting on them. And, this was restricted within the gravitational laws to which Euclidian geometry could be applied for descriptive purpose. Also, in the classical Newton ’s Theory there was no notion of mediator force between the two objects.

Einstein Era - Einstein expanded the Newton’s theory to include the mediator force that acts on the gravitational interactions between the objects, brought about by space-time curvature, when the objects travel at the speed of light. When such notions were arrived at, Non-Euclidian geometry was sought for descriptive purpose, as Euclidian geometry proved to be inherently limiting when dealing with plane curvatures. Within the ‘relativity theory’, certain limitations were placed on the information about an object. These were, information about one object cannot be instantaneously transmitted to another object, and the speed at which the information could travel was fixed at an upper limit of the relativistic propagation of the information, not exceeding the speed of light.

Quantum Theory Era - Quantum theory however shattered all these assumptions and proposed that information was traveling instantaneously and faster than speed of light. Concept of “active information” was coined to explain this phenomenon, and furthermore it proposed that the Quantum field contained in itself information about the whole environment and this guided the motion of the particle. This is a holographic perspective; where the active information guiding the motion results in a holomovement. Within such a paradigm, the smaller element has a notion of the whole. And, if the smallest element is separated by some means, then it can help in the reconstruction of the whole.

Non-Locality

Concurring with Einstein, David Bohm could not reconcile to the uncertainty notions which Quantum theory suggested with regards to the behavior of the elements in the sub-atomic world, while the macroscopic behavioral outcomes could be predicted with certainty but only in a probabilistic way. To account for such uncertain or causality defeating behaviors, David Bohm proposed possibility of the existence of forces or influences which are acting non-local, meaning these forces defy the causality within certain considered space-time continuum. These non local forces, carrying holistic information affect the intricate workings in the micro quantum realm. Furthermore, the holistic information exists as a quantum field that is all encompassing and such that it is instantly connected with everything else as explained by the 'active information'. In the microcosm, the inner working of the quantum is also aware of the non-local fields and is obeying the order as established by the quantum field. The knowledge of the external field is established by a certain ‘hidden variable’ associated with the sub-atomic phenomenon.

David Bohm termed this hidden all pervading omnipotent and omnipresent field, carrying the active information as ‘Implicate Order’. He chose to call this field as ‘implicate order’ for he thought that within its mystical structure, it encoded all the information of everything else. And, most importantly Bohm suggested that this information also carried the inherent knowledge about the process of becoming. In a way ‘Implicate Order’ enfolds in itself the universal description about the structure and the process that manifest as the behavior when they unfold. And, the unfolding order he termed as ‘Explicate Order’.

Pauli's Exclusion Principle and Schrodinger Wave Equation

If the Cartesian system is to be excluded to understand the Implicate Order because of its reductionism, then how can the rich distinguishable chemistry in the nature be explained. It is Pauli’s Exclusion Principle which fulfills this. It proposes a descriptive mechanism that distinguishes property of each element from the other, else the nature would seem featureless. In the history of science, Wolfgang Pauli stands among very few in demonstrating great subtle mind. Pauli’s Exclusion Principle along with Schrodinger Wave Equation forms the descriptive mechanism for the microcosmic system displaying quantum behavior at micro-cosmic level.

On a lighter vein Pauli has been called the 'whip of god' for his scathing attacks during seminars when he came across illogic, and hence was also known as the conscience of physics

Pauli’s Exclusion Principle and Synchronicity

According to Pauli, at Quantum level, nature engages in a mysterious dance. At this microscopic level, there are two types of groups. One group is formed by electrons, protons, neutrons and neutrino and these engage in anti-symmetric dance. While, mesons and photons of lights form another group that engage in symmetric dance. The nature of the abstract movement of dance keeps the particle of same energy apart from each other. The exclusion of the particles is not because of the existence of the interactive forces between them nor the causality, but rather from the antigymmetry of the abstract movement of the particles as a whole. The underlying pattern of the dance emerging from the whole has a profound effect on the behavior of each individual particle. Owing to this behavior that keeps particles stacked up in one energy level and apart from one another, Pauli proposed that only one electron can exclusively occupy a single quantum state. (Reference wikipedia : The Pauli exclusion principle is a quantum mechanical principle formulated by Wolfgang Pauli in 1925. This principle is significant, because it explains why matter occupies space exclusively for itself and does not allow other material objects to pass through it, while at the same time allowing light and radiation to pass. It states that no two identical fermions may occupy the same quantum state simultaneously. A more rigorous statement of this principle is that, for two identical fermions, the total wave function is anti-symmetric. For electrons in a single atom, it states that no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers, that is, if n, l, and ml are the same, ms must be different such that the electrons have opposite spins.) From the so-called Pauli Exclusion Principle and the results of the Schrodinger Wave Equation, one can qualitatively determine the chemical properties of all the elements and thereby explain the structure of the Periodic Table
Pauli’s exclusion principle based on the underlying patterns of the dance of the particle grouped along with their energy bands occupying space exclusive with one another and not relying on the forces that act as causality adds credibility to the concept of 'Synchronicity', a phenomenon that defeats the notion of causality. It was from the collaborative efforts between Pauli and Carl Jung the notion of Synchronicity arose.

Ontology

There are many school of thoughts on ‘Ontology’ and how must it be defined. In different subjects, it has been defined in a way to augmen thoughts in that particular discipline. Furthermore, within a subject as-well there has been many more variations. Within information science, it has served as a classification scheme, while in the subjects pertaining to philosophy, especially the metaphysics, initially it began as scheme for formulating the ‘reality’ that would further assist in discerning the nature of existence. And, then the emphasis shifted to the nature of process of thought chosen, that would eventually decide the way subject is to be discerned. And these thoughts working with experience as those registered in the consciousness would become the ‘epistemology’. In a way the mechanistic process of arriving at knowledge that would eventually ingrain the living organism would determine the process of discernment. This is really an 'observed', 'the observer' and 'the process of observation' conundrum. This notion was further expanded by Friedrich Nietzsche and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel to include the process of becoming by a being. Nietzsche used the phrase ‘innocence of becoming’. Along these lines,Christopher Alexander, known as the father of the pattern language movement in computer science, introduced the notion of ‘loss of innocence’ in his writing ‘The Notes on Synthesis of Form’. The idea of ontology based on the 'process of becoming' might be more relevant when architectural studies are to be carried out to lead business transformations in enterprises desiring to evolve into a 'processes centric' organization.

The evolution of ideas around ‘Ontology finds its usefullness in facilitating generative transformations in our society. Generative transformations occurs in a system containing both order and disorder. To apply ontology for such a scheme of things, ontology that was used merely for describing ‘information’ centric structure as a classification scheme, and then as ‘functional’ centric structure to describe the organic existence, now needs to be sought in a newer light to describe the ‘processes’ centric structure which is non-hierarchical and exists as an organism . Furthermore, from the perspective of describing the behaviour it not only must provide abstraction from the past statistical studies into a probabilistic model but more importantly also a futuristic model incorporating abstractions from the generative transformation studies. It is here that ‘Implicate Order’ could prove useful as a mechanism for describing the architecture that is structurally transforming. Especially those, in which both order and disorder exists. The transformations in such structures result into a ‘Generative Order’.

It is useful also to study Gene Ontology, before progressing further. Within Gene Ontology, three levels are sought for descriptive purpose that defines the overarching  biological structure . These are Cellular Component, Molecular Function and Biological Process. In this scheme all three types of ontology seem to be working (information, function and process). Additionally, the process of programmed Cell Death is particularly interesting to understand the ‘Implicate Order’. Cell Death is a mysterious divine death by design, that assists in the healthy growth of the organism by the process of programmed cell death by suicide. When the information to the cell becomes disorderly then instead of the generative death, it results into cancerous cells that defy death necessary for generative growth.

Perception

To understand ontology (way to represent knowledge) with a view to apply it for engineering purposes, study of 'perceptions' becomes useful in exploring different types of perceiving or discerning from the information received and then translating them into possible visually projections such that it helps in describing and documenting the system as it exists. A proper perception also helps in exploring correct metaphors that become useful in describing the abstract and complex reality. In reductionism common aphorism is in applying simplified view. There is no such thing as a simplified view when dealing with the complex realities. Keep it Simple Stupid is a myth. It is as it is. In fact reductionism introduces Cartesian dilemma that creates wedge between the subjective and objective realities. Also, has the hazard of cognitive bias or the propensities.

Perspective - The Last Supper 

Cubism

In the history of art, during the fourteenth century, the application of perspective triggered a renaissance movement. During this time, there was revolutionary breakthrough in art. Architecture has never been the same ever since.

Picasso's Guitar Player - Based on Cubism

Generative Order

The below depiction has animation rendered by transforming one form into another (a circle into square with triangulated edges; and to the transforming edges a swatch with circular patterns has been applied. The effect is a beautiful transformation occurring both in space and in time. The 'form' is only the outer manifestation, the real architecture is the invisible underpinnings, that work to produce a generative order based transformation

In the 21st century, pluralism has proved to be manifesting more and more, as the individualism has emerged as a strong force along side the collective behaviors, a need for an 'inclusive' framework is necessary. Enterprise Architecture, as a subject, has particularly emerged to tackle the issues related with the integration of several disparate elements within an enterprise. Futhermore, Implicate Order could prove to be an effective process in devising a scheme that would define the mechanism underpinning the inclusive Enterprise Architecture framework. Such that, within the framework both orderly and disorderly structured elements could exist. The combination of such elements compounds the pluralistic behavior. Furthermore, the generative transformations can be better studied via an ontology that is based on Implicate Order. To explore further the structure and the associated transformations, fractal geometry based onMandlebrot set could be very useful as it is particularly suited for Implicate Order studies because of its inherent generative nature. Especially to study transformations triggered by small changes in the structural element that can propagate through the entire structure of the system manifesting into profound generative transformation.

Enterprise Architecture with sound underpinnings could translate into a subject suited for conducting system dynamics studies. Whenever a system riddled with ordered and disordered elements undergoes transformation, the non-linear behaviors that manifest, which is not necessarily dysfunctional, is mostly contributed by the disordered elements. These non-linear behavior can render the system highly chaotic.. To study the system behavior based on the 'Implicate Order', the behaviours can be delineated into three profiles'. These three profiles can be considered to be, 'invariant', '1st-variant' and'2nd- variant'. Such that, the 'invariant' is a lasting unque behaviour inherent to the system and has no dependency on any other variables. The '1st-variant' is mostly affected by the local influences within the system and the '2nd-variant' by the non-local influence, meaning something outside the boundary of the system in consideration. The '2nd-variant' has minimum dependencies on the variables working inside of the system in consideration. However, it is this, along with the '1st variant' that will have significant impact on the system and in case of business enterprise, the impact will push the enterprise to seek business transformation as ordered by the entropic condition following the generative transformation.

Explicate Order

While Implicate Order deals with the underpinnings of the nature, Explicate Order deals with all those things that have become known after its manifestation into physical realities. In the realm of businesses, the conceptual abstractions that compose the holistic view of an enterprise can be considered as those belonging to the explicate order and these form the fundamental cross sections that together define the Enterprise Architecture. These are the Business, Information, Solution and Technology architectures.

Any system, existing in its implicate order state, has both ordered and disordered elements. The combination of these two contribute to the probabilistically deterministic nature of the system as a whole, while the behavior of the individual elements cannot be determined and thus cannot be predicted. These ever juggling elements within the system contribute to both the harmonious and chaotic behavior. Whenever a system undergoes transformation, especially in a large system, the transition state is inherently in a disordered state until it undergoes entropic distribution and comes to an accepted equilibrium.Entropy is a certain combination  of states in the microscopic realities that aggregates to describe the macroscopic behavior. Concept of entropy is very important to understand the behavior of any large systems. The entropic conditions arise out of the quantum realities that is described best by the Pauli’s exclusion principle. Any large system, although at an aggregated level seem stable, within it continuous activities are going on and also changes are occurring. These changes contribute both to order and disorder. Entropy ensures to achieve the equilibrium state where most things gets ordered. When system undergoes transformation, some chaos must be anticipated. When a  system having different ordered elements within it structurally transforms it undergoes generative transformation. One of the salient feature of any generative transformation is that a small change within can cause a huge effect that can be both ordered or disordered. Disorder is owed to the variants in the system. It is crucial to understand the possible sources of the influences on the variants, that a harmonious transformation can be affected.. This is where understanding of implicate order is important. Then, to render the system into a desired state those aspects which describe the form and the structure as they eventually physically manifest is important. Enterprise Architecture Transition Planning is about arriving at a holistic plan to facilitate the changes needed that will evolve the enterprise via a generative order.

Know ‘The Constant Factor’

While the system undergoes continuous changes to maintain entropic equilibrium, the elements within the system and the system as a whole dynamically acquire ‘exclusive’ positions both in time and space as defined by the Pauli’s Exclusion Principle. When such an entropy occurs, knowing the inherent unseen effervescent bridge between the microscopic and the macroscopic system, helps one to be acutely aware of the overall system's unique state as it has come to occupy.. This unseen bridge in Statistical Mechanics is called ‘The Boltzmann Constant'. To remain healthy, it is crucial to know ‘The Constant Factor’, that uniquely disposes the system. Enterprise Architecture is about keeping a vigil on ‘The Constant Factor’.

Conflict - The Constant Factor’s Constant Friend

Change which is a constant by itself, ruled by ‘The Constant Factor’, has ‘conflict’ traveling along side constantly. This is a paradoxical phenomenon. Conflict is because of the inherent ‘constraint’ that is pushing the system to seek transformation. The constraint emerges due to the conflict in the resources, for which all living organisms are fighting for its own sustenance. Seeking to resolve the conflict, in order to overcome the constraint, the system transforms and it undergoes entropy ruled by its Constant Factor.

Programmed Cell Death

Deviating into the realm of biology, the study of ‘cell death’ reveals, that cells driven by the divine 'death by design' commits programmed suicide and thereby imparts information to the newer cells about the course of the further growth that it has to pursue. The living cell can be considered to be omnipresent, having knowledge about its past and present and also it has inferential knowledge about the possible outcome in the future time that it is struggling to adapt in future. It is evident that during programmed cell death, the vestigial organs, the evolutionary leftovers in humans are removed for they serve no purpose in its present existence and also the dying cells imparts information to the newer cells.

Systemic Faults

Individual states of the elements within the system, either ordered or disordered, are not necessarily the indication of the overall health of the system. They merely indicate a state of the system that it is in, or about its orientation. Very ordered structure does not mean highly functional nor the best desired state. It is just that it is oriented that way. In a pluralistic system, there will be manifold orders or orientations and they will be intertwined. All of these will exist. And, there will be constant tension between them. This is healthy for it will help retain a functional structure with a needed creative stress that will push everything in a system to seek its next exclusive moment, should its behavior follow a scheme explained by the Pauli’s Exclusion Principle. Harmony in a way is the entropic end, and the Chaos the entropic journey. It is the Dysfunctional behavior that one must be acutely be aware of. All of these - system, society, science, self and spirituality must function so as to retain that the system as a whole is not dysfunctional. Study of Implicate and Explicate Orders, helps in understanding and discovering the nuances that contributes to the systemic faults affecting the system as a whole.


Conclusion : Receding Business (Information) Technology Divides

While working the thoughts within the Cartesian System, interrogatives (who, when, why, what, where, etc) have been urged to discover the nature of existence. Although all the known interrogatives help in exacting the nature in a given time by building the answers into a classification scheme, it does not provide the overall holistic knowledge as it creates fragmented framework. This creates a Cartesian dilemma. Most IT systems have been built based on the subject – object – predicate clause that is in itself quite fragmented. It is because of this a newer mechanism  is necessary to accurately define and describe the system as emerging from its implicate order and manifesting into its explicate order. It is worth noting that implicate order not only applies to describing the order of existence, it is also describes the underlying process. In a way it is an ontology with a built in process, it connects everything in both temporal and spatial sense. Meaning it is catholic - all encompassing. What is implied here is, in addition to the conventional existing mechanisms that assist in the engineering process, newer means must be sought to accurately understand the underlying underpinnings that drives the nature holistically.

Another important aspect regarding the system undergoing transformation is that, its performance measure acts as the guidance for formulating a roadmap from its current state into the desired future state. The performance presumes existence of a behavior. To observe a behavior it requires to be measured. This means, only those behaviors that can be measured by some means, become the cognizant part of the system. It must be acknowledged that a paradox exists in what is being ‘observed’, the process of ‘observation’ and the reference chosen by the ‘observer’. This is where ‘Implicate Order’ becomes very important. The underlying holomovement theme within Implicate Order, can help in metaphorically envisioning the system into a holographic paradigm and discover all the behaviors manifesting within the system and the system as a whole.