Git

Git is a version control system that allows us to track changes made to files in a project. Below are some essential Git commands and concepts that help manage and streamline the development process.

=>Basic Commands

1. `git init`

- Initializes a new Git repository in the current directory.

2. `git clone <repository_url>`

- Clones a repository from GitHub to your local machine, allowing you to make changes to the code.

3. `git diff`

- Shows the differences between the current state of the repository and the last commit.

=>Lifecycle of a Change

Changes in Git travel through three main areas:

1. Working Directory

- This is where you make temporary changes to your files.

2. Staging Index

- This is the area where changes are staged before committing. Use the git add command to move changes to the staging index.

3. Committed

- The final stage where changes are saved permanently in the repository with a commit.

=>Reviewing Repository History

1. `git log`

- Displays a list of all commits in the repository.

2. `git log -3`

- Shows the top three commits.

3. `git log -p`

- Displays the changes introduced by each commit.

4. `git show <commit_id>`

- Shows the changes made in a specific commit.

=>Committing Changes

- `git commit -m "<commit_message>"`

- Commits the staged changes with a message describing what was changed.

=> Undoing Commits

1. `git commit --amend`

- Amends the most recent commit with any staged changes.

2. `git revert <commit_id>`

- Reverts the specified commit by creating a new commit.

3. `git reset <commit_id>`

- Deletes the specified commit and resets the state of the repository.

=>Branch Management

1. `git checkout <branch_name>`

- Switches to the specified branch.

2. `git branch`

- Lists all branches in the repository.

3. `git merge <branch_name>`

- Merges the specified branch into the current branch.

4. `git branch -d <branch_name>`

- Deletes the specified branch.

=> Pushing Changes

- `git push -u origin master`

- Pushes the changes from the local repository to the remote repository on GitHub, setting the upstream for the master branch.