git - in simple way
Git is a fantastic thing. Its a version control system, so it lets you see previous changes, collaborate with others, see what they changed. Its great way to share the Code with developers or your team.
1. Setup
Once git is installed, you’ll need to set up a couple of things. Fire up your terminal and type in the following:
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email your@email
These settings will identify you for all of your git repositories.
2 .create a new repository
create a new directory, open the directory and perform a git init to create a new git repository.
3. checkout a repository
Create a working copy of a local repository by running the command
git clone /path/to/repository
when using a remote server, your command will be
git clone username@host:/path/to/repository
4. workflow
your local repository consists of three "trees" maintained by git.
- the first one is your which holds the actual files.
- the second one is the which acts as a staging area and
- finally the which points to the last commit you've made.
5. add & commit
You can propose changes (add it to the Index) using
git add <filename>
git add *
This is the first step in the basic git workflow. To actually commit these changes
git commit -m "Commit message"
Now the file is committed to the HEAD, but not in your remote repository yet.
6. pushing changes
Your changes are now in the HEAD of your local working copy. To send those changes to your remote repository, execute
git push origin master
Change master to whatever branch you want to push your changes to.
If you have not cloned an existing repository and want to connect your repository to a remote server, you need to add it with
git remote add origin <server>
Now you are able to push your changes to the selected remote server
7. branching
Branches are used to develop features isolated from each other. The master branch is the "default" branch when you create a repository. Use other branches for development and merge them back to the master branch upon completion.
create a new branch named "feature_x" and switch to it using
git checkout -b feature_x
switch back to master
git checkout master
and delete the branch again
git branch -d feature_x
a branch is not available to others unless you push the branch to your remote repository
git push origin <branch>
8. update & merge
to update your local repository to the newest commit, execute
git pull
in your working directory to fetch and merge remote changes. to merge another branch into your active branch (e.g. master), use
git merge <branch>
in both cases git tries to auto-merge changes. Unfortunately, this is not always possible and results in conflicts. You are responsible to merge those conflicts manually by editing the files shown by git. After changing, you need to mark them as merged with
git add <filename>
before merging changes, you can also preview them by using
git diff <source_branch> <target_branch>
replace local changes
in case you did something wrong, which for sure never happens ;), you can replace local changes using the command
git checkout -- <filename>
this replaces the changes in your working tree with the last content in HEAD. Changes already added to the index, as well as new files, will be kept.
If you instead want to drop all your local changes and commits, fetch the latest history from the server and point your local master branch at it like this
git fetch origin
git reset --hard origin/master
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Thanks --
Shrikant M.
