FastAPI async concurrency benefits and limitations

One thread. Three concurrent requests. Zero threads blocked. That is what async FastAPI looks like when it works correctly. I have been exploring Python and FastAPI recently — and the async model was the thing I wanted to understand properly before forming any opinion. Here is the honest picture: → Async helps only when your endpoint is waiting — on databases, APIs, file reads (I/O-bound) → Async does nothing for CPU-heavy work — use multiprocessing or task queues for that → Committing to async means your database driver must also be async — psycopg2 blocks the event loop → Java 21 virtual threads give Spring Boot similar concurrency without changing the programming model I also compared FastAPI and Spring Boot feature by feature — validation, DI, ORM, security, scheduling, migrations — and evaluated both against a real test project. Link in comments. #FastAPI #Python #SpringBoot #BackendEngineering #Async

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