Solved Permutation Sequence problem with math in Java

#Day_27 Today’s problem was an interesting twist on binary search — “Find Peak Element” 🔍 Given an array of numbers, the task is to find an index i such that nums[i] is greater than its neighbors — basically, a peak element. At first glance, it seems like a simple linear scan could solve it in O(n). But I wanted to do better — and that’s where binary search comes in 💡 🧠 Approach We observe that: If nums[mid] > nums[mid + 1], it means we are on a descending slope, so the peak lies on the left side (including mid). Otherwise, we’re on an ascending slope, so the peak lies on the right side (after mid). Using this logic, we can shrink our search space by half in every iteration — a classic divide and conquer move 🔥 ⏱ Complexity Time: O(log n) Space: O(1) This is a great example of how binary search isn’t just for sorted arrays — it can also be applied to problems involving patterns or directional decisions. 💬 Every day of this challenge reinforces that problem-solving isn’t just about writing code — it’s about recognizing patterns, making logical deductions, and applying optimized thinking. #CodingJourney #LeetCode #BinarySearch #ProblemSolving #100DaysOfCode #Java #LearnByDoing

✅ Day 68 of LeetCode Medium/Hard Edition Today’s challenge was “Number of Ways to Form a Target String Given a Dictionary” — a brilliant Dynamic Programming and Combinatorics problem that tests precision in transitions and precomputation logic 🧩⚙️ 📦 Problem: You’re given an array of equal-length strings words and a target string target. You must form target from left to right by picking characters from the columns of words under these rules: 1️⃣ Once you use column k from any word, all columns ≤ k in every word become unusable. 2️⃣ You can use multiple characters from the same word, respecting column progression. Return the number of ways to form target modulo 1e9 + 7. 🔗 Problem Link: https://lnkd.in/gns9CwWa ✅ My Submission: https://lnkd.in/g7bsgZq9 💡 Thought Process: This problem is a clever mix of frequency compression and DP memoization. We precompute a frequency table freq[26][m], where each cell represents how many words contain a given letter at column m. Then, using recursion with memoization: 🎯 At each step (i, j) Either use freq[target[i]][j] if it exists → multiply by ways for the next position (i+1, j+1) Or skip the current column → move to (i, j+1) The recurrence relation: dp[i][j] = freq[target[i]][j] * dp[i+1][j+1] + dp[i][j+1] All computations are done modulo 1e9 + 7. ⚙️ Complexity: ⏱ Time: O(26 * n + t * m) — efficient due to frequency precomputation 💾 Space: O(t * m) — for memoized DP table 💭 Takeaway: This challenge reinforced how precomputation and state optimization can transform a seemingly exponential recursion into an elegant polynomial-time solution 🚀 #LeetCodeMediumHardEdition #100DaysChallenge #DynamicProgramming #Combinatorics #ProblemSolving #Java #CodingChallenge #DSA

🚀 Day 60 of #100DaysOfCode 🚀 Today, I solved LeetCode Problem #137 – Single Number II 🧩 📘 Problem Statement: Given an integer array where every element appears three times except for one that appears exactly once, find that single element and return it. The challenge: solve it with O(n) time and O(1) space complexity. 💻 Language: Java ⚡ Runtime: 0 ms — Beats 100.00% 📉 Memory: 45.54 MB — Beats 56.30% 🧠 Concept Used: 🔹 Bit Manipulation — A powerful yet tricky technique that leverages binary operations to track occurrences of bits efficiently. 🔹 Instead of using extra space or hash maps, we track bits that appear once and twice using two integer variables: ✅ once → bits that appeared once ✅ twice → bits that appeared twice The trick lies in updating them using XOR (^) and NOT (~) to "cancel out" bits appearing three times. 🧩 Approach Summary: 1️⃣ Initialize two variables once = 0 and twice = 0. 2️⃣ For every number in the array: - Update once and twice based on how many times a bit has appeared. 3️⃣ After processing all numbers, once holds the value of the single element. ✅ Complexity: Time: O(n) Space: O(1) ✨ Takeaway: This problem teaches how bitwise logic can replace traditional data structures, achieving the same result with constant space — a crucial optimization in system-level programming and interviews. #100DaysOfCode #LeetCode #Java #BitManipulation #ProblemSolving #CleanCode #DataStructures #Algorithms #TechLearning #CodingChallenge #SoftwareEngineering #InterviewPreparation

💻 Day 4 of #100DaysOfCode Challenge Topic: Binary Tree Traversals 🌳 Problems Solved: 🔹 94. Binary Tree Inorder Traversal 🔹 144. Binary Tree Preorder Traversal 🔹 145. Binary Tree Postorder Traversal Concept Recap: Today, I explored the three fundamental depth-first traversal techniques used in binary trees: ✅ Inorder (Left → Root → Right) – Produces a sorted order for BSTs. ✅ Preorder (Root → Left → Right) – Useful for creating a copy of the tree or serialization. ✅ Postorder (Left → Right → Root) – Ideal for deleting trees or evaluating expressions. Each traversal follows a recursive approach to explore nodes systematically. Implementing them helped me strengthen my understanding of recursion and how stack frames manage function calls behind the scenes. Key Learnings: 🧠 Understood how traversal order impacts output sequence. ⚙️ Practiced recursive depth-first traversal logic in Java. 🌱 Improved code readability by modularizing recursive functions. #LeetCode #DataStructures #BinaryTree #Recursion #Java #CodingChallenge #100DaysChallenge #Day4

🌳 Day 36/100 ✅ Preorder Traversal of Binary Tree Today I solved the Preorder Traversal problem using recursion. In this traversal method, the order of visiting nodes is simple yet powerful: 👉 Root → Left → Right This problem helped me understand how recursion can naturally handle tree structures by breaking the problem into smaller subproblems. At each recursive call, we visit the root node first, then move to the left subtree, and finally to the right subtree — making the traversal flow smooth and logical. 💡 Key Takeaways: Preorder traversal always starts from the root. Recursion simplifies complex tree navigation into cleaner and readable logic. Visualizing the function call stack helps to truly understand the flow of recursion. Every day, I’m realizing how recursion is not just a coding tool — it’s a way to think step-by-step through structured problems. 🌱 #Day36 #DSA #CodingJourney #BinaryTree #PreorderTraversal #Recursion #ProblemSolving #LearningEveryday #100DaysOfCode #Java

🌿 Day 74 of #100DaysOfCode 🌿 💡 Problem: Binary Tree Preorder Traversal – LeetCode 🚀 Approach: Used a recursive traversal to explore nodes in the order Root → Left → Right. Preorder traversal is all about visiting the leader first — just like taking the initiative before exploring possibilities! 💫 📊 Complexity Analysis: Time Complexity: O(n)** — every node is visited once Space Complexity: O(n)** — due to recursion stack ✅ Runtime: 0 ms (⚡ Beats 100%) ✅ Memory: 43.06 MB 🔑 Key Insight: Recursion helps untangle even the deepest branches — one root call at a time 🌱 #LeetCode #100DaysOfCode #BinaryTree #Recursion #CodingJourney #DSA #ProblemSolving #Java #Algorithms #ProgrammerLife #WomenInTech #CodeEveryday

🚀 Problem 2: Reverse Integer 💡 Leetcode Problem No: 7 Today, I solved an interesting Leetcode-style problem that involves reversing an integer — while handling tricky cases like integer overflow 🔄 ✨ Challenge: Given an integer x, reverse its digits and return the reversed number. If reversing x causes the value to go outside the signed 32-bit integer range, return 0. 💻 Key Learnings: 🔹 Used Math.abs(x) to handle negatives elegantly 🔹 Applied overflow check using: if (rev > (Integer.MAX_VALUE - d) / 10) 🔹 Mastered modulus (%) and division (/) logic for digit extraction 🔹 Ensured both positive and negative numbers are correctly reversed 💙 Tip: Always consider edge cases and overflow conditions when working with integer manipulation problems. #Java #Coding #LeetCode #ProblemSolving #JavaDeveloper #ProgrammingChallenge #LeetcodeCoding

Anagrams and Minimum Steps: A Frequency Counting Solution! Just solved the "Minimum Steps to Make Two Strings Anagram" problem! When strings 's' and 't' are the same length, the key is efficiently determining how many characters in 't' need to be replaced to match the required character distribution of 's'. My approach is simple and highly efficient: 1. Count Requirements: Use a HashMap to store the exact frequency of every character in string 's'. 2. Match & Mismatch: Iterate through string 't'. If a character is needed (count > 0), we use it up. If it's not needed, it represents one step (one character in 't' that must be changed). This lands us in optimal O(N) time complexity and O(1) space complexity (since the alphabet size is constant). Frequency counting is a powerhouse technique for any string problem! #Algorithms #DataStructures #StringManipulation #LeetCode #CodingChallenge #Java #100daysofcode

#100DaysOfCode – Day 74 Count and Say Problem: Given an integer n, return the n-th term of the “Count and Say” sequence a fascinating pattern where each term describes the previous one. Example: Input: n = 4 Output: "1211" My Approach: Used recursion to generate the previous term. Applied run-length encoding logic counted consecutive digits and built the next term using a StringBuilder. Optimized for clean, readable iteration with O(N²) complexity (due to string building). Understanding recursive string construction deepens how we visualize “generation-based” sequences it’s not just about coding, it’s about seeing patterns grow. #100DaysOfCode #Java #LeetCode #ProblemSolving #Recursion #StringManipulation #CodingJourney #TechWithPurpose #takeUforward

🚩 Problem: 169. Majority Element 🔥 Day 43 of #100DaysOfLeetCode 🔍 Problem Summary: Given an array nums, find the element that appears more than ⌊ n/2 ⌋ times. You may assume that the majority element always exists in the array. ✅ Approach 1: Using HashMap Count the frequency of each element using a HashMap and return the one that occurs most frequently. ✅ Approach 2 (Optimized): Boyer–Moore Voting Algorithm Maintain a candidate and count. Traverse the array: If count == 0, set candidate = num. If num == candidate, increment count, else decrement. Return the candidate. 📊 Complexity: Time Complexity: O(n) Space Complexity: O(1) ✨ Key Takeaway: The Boyer–Moore Voting Algorithm is a brilliant example of how a deep understanding of problem constraints can lead to an O(1) space solution — an essential pattern in algorithmic thinking. Link:[https://lnkd.in/gsc4XgbK] #100DaysOfLeetCode #Day43 #Problem169 #MajorityElement #BoyerMoore #Algorithms #DSA #Java #CodingChallenge #ProblemSolving #LeetCode #InterviewPreparation #DataStructures #TechCareers #ArjunInfoSolution #CodingCommunity #CodeNewbie #SoftwareEngineering #ZeroToHero #LearnToCode